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A personal video recorder (PVR)) or (a digital video recorder (DVR)) is a device that records video without videotape to a hard drive-based digital storage medium. The term includes stand-alone set-top boxes and software for personal computers which enables video capture and playback to and from disk. Some consumer electronic manufacturers have started to offer televisions with DVR hardware and software built in to the television itself. It has also become the main way for CCTV companies to record their surveillance, as it provides far longer recording times than the old VCRs.

The technological underpinnings of hard-disk based video recorders were tested on July 8, 1965, when CBS explored the possibilities of instant freeze-frame and rewind for sports broadcasts. Ampex released the first commercial hard disk video recorder in 1967. The HS-100 recorded composite analog video onto a 14" diameter hard disk using FM modulation. It could store a maximum of only 30 seconds, but could record continuously, and play back 2x normal speed down to still frame. http://www.cedmagic.com/history/instant-replay-hs-100-deck.html http://www.sssm.com/editing/museum/ampex/hs100.html

In 1985, an employee of Honeywell’s Physical Sciences Center, David Rafner, first described a drive-based DVR designed for home TV recording, time-slipping, and commercial skipping. {{US patent|4,972,396 focused on a multi-channel design to allow simultaneous independent recording and playback. Broadly anticipating future DVR developments, it describes possible applications such as streaming compression, editing, captioning, multi-channel security monitoring, military sensor platforms, and remotely piloted vehicles.
 

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